The Second Republic and Its Fall Essays -- Nigeria Federal Government

The Second Republic and Its Fall One of many hurdles that Nigeria had to overcome in the attempt to return to civilian rule, and then to have such a new system entrenched, was the fact that competitive politics encouraged recourse to sectional identification. On the one hand, there is need for a understanding of the nature of the dynamics of Nigerian society, especially with regard to the phenomenon of ethnicity. On the other hand, the theoretical formulations which already exist concerning the nature of politics in segmented societies must be confronted so that a closer approximation between such themes and the sociopolitical realities of Nigeria can be achieved (Joseph, 1987:43). The American-style constitution of the second Republic (1979-1983) was designed for Nigerians type of democracy where natural affairs rather than state are promoted to avoid the pattern of British parliamentary system where the winner-takes-all pattern. The parties in America conform to the Constitution due to their disciplinary disposition. In Nigeria, political parties were following the British style of politics, where â€Å"distribution of revenues among the politician and their clients at national, state and local levels†, are the order of the day (Shehu, et al; 1999:34). Bitter conflicts abounded within the political parties in both states and the federal level over the distribution of the spoils; hence, the inability of the politicals to manage the conflicts led to the demise of the democratic government in the Second Republic and the return of the military government. In the program of transition to the Second Republic, the military leaders’ primary concern was to prevent the recurrence of the mistakes of the First Republic. They believed that if the structures and processed of government and politics that had proved inappropriate in the First Republic could be changed, a stable and effective civilian government was therefore designed to address those fundamental issues, which were historically divisive, and to establish new political institutions, processes, and orientations. The second aspect of the transition involved the making of a new constitution and appropriate institutions. Decree number 25 of 1978 enacted the 1977 Constitution. It differed from the First Republic in 1963, in that, it introduced a United States type presidential system (Nwoked, 199:73). Previo... ...so was the decline in GDP by and estimated 10 percent. The repressive strategy of Buhari’s military further engendered deep resentment and bitterness among the people who feel that they had been denied of their personal freedom. In addition, according to Othman, â€Å"the military government was increasingly driven by dissension over strategies of economic management, the detention and trials of political detainees and the rising power of Brigadier Tunde Idiagbon, the Chief of staff, supreme headquarters, and the driving force behind the regime’s authoritarian policies, and of the Nigerian Security Organization (NSO)† (Othman, 1999:40). Two factors were instrumental to the final demise of the military regime; one was the risking of what Diamond called â€Å"political convulsion†, an attempt to impose a monolithic order on Nigeria’s vigorously polaristic society (Diamond, 1999:443). The second factor was the regime’s declaration in July, 1985, of their intention or plan to return Nigeria to C ivilian rule. These actions further isolated Buhari and Idiagbon from their military colleagues , including their arrogance in ignoring critical opinion even among its senior military ranks.

Every Child is Special (Film Analysis) Essay

1.Determine the issue or the problems that are predominantly brought up in the film. 2.If you were to be part of the story, which character who you would want to be so you can be part of the solution of the problem? see more:every child is special summary In the film Every Child Is Special, there are issues or problems shown that really happen in our society. The first one is the family issue; there is something wrong when it comes to parenting style done by Mr. and Mrs. Awasthi that affected the child’s behavior. The father doesn’t have enough time to guide his son, he punished Ishaan when he got in trouble or when he is misbehaving but he never tried to find out the reason behind. They did not really accepted Ishaan’s condition and did not give enough care for him. The other is the social issue; Discrimination, Ishaan’s classmates, teachers and others treated him differently just because he has difficulty in his studies and motor skills, they sometimes bully or even hurt him. They also discriminate children with disabilities by comparing their abilities with other kids. Child Labor, it is shown when Nikumbh was on his way to Ishaan’s house, he saw a little boy working. But he mentioned that,  "Putting your ambition to the child is worse than Child Labor†. The biggest issue that I’ve noticed in the film is the Education System. The way the other teachers teach their students, embarrassing the student in front of the class, beating, shouting, giving punishments when they can’t understand the lessons. I really don’t think that those will help or discipline the students instead it may just lower their self-esteem, they might think those hurtful words are true, may take away their interest in studying and worse destroy their dreams. We all have different special abilities. If I were to be part of that film, I would like to be Nikumbh, the art teacher. I admire his great love for all the children especially with those who have special needs. He is the one who brought huge solution to the problem faced by Ishaan and tried so hard to help him learn and improve his artistic abilities. Nikumbh made Ishaan’s parents realize that he is not misbehaving, that he is not lazy, idiot or hopeless just like the other teachers said and that he needs to be accepted and treated well. He did it right because, he understand Ishaan more than any other. He brought back Ishaan’s interest in painting and supported him in the times  that he almost gave up, telling him that even great people had encountered some difficulties before they achieve their accomplishments. The teacher provided the kid with much special attention, care and encouragement that resulted to the kid’s excellent improvement that surprises his parents and the whole school community. It would be a wonderful accomplishment for those people who can do what Sir Nikumbh did.

Is it suitable to use censorship in media

Is it suitable to use censorship in media? Media is the mean to deliver the message to audiences. People are constantly exposed to many kinds of media each day including television, radio, and ever- growing popularity of the internet. Humans at every age and gender are unavoidably consuming information. For example, they would see a whitening lotion advertisement on the small screen in the sky train or unintentionally watch a fight scene in a soap opera on television at street side restaurant. However, some information may not be at all appropriate without a proper guidance.Therefore, censorship is suitable to be used in media. The first reason is that people might be misled by inappropriate information in media if censorship is not used as not every people have the same education background and experience. Children are a great example for this case. For instance, when they see the main character in the television series smokes, they would smoke too because their innocence's make bel ieve that what the main character does is fancy. Lastly, it is more realistic not to eliminate all unsuitable contents and use censorship as a teaching tool for audiences.In reality, It Is unavoidable not to see indecent behavior. Therefore, censorship could be useful to be a teaching material for every audience. The media, however, must mention about the consequences of these inappropriate actions. To conclude, censorship In media Is beneficial to society as a whole. It can be used to avoid misleading the Information and as a teaching technique for everyone. Medal Is a powerful source of Information that could Influence the thoughts of Its message receivers.Guiding people by pointing out what not to do and learning by a wrong example would be effective If It Is done with the support from every Institution including media and the audiences themselves. By shopworn censorship as a teaching tool for audiences. In reality, it is unavoidable not to see To conclude, censorship in media is beneficial to society as a whole. It can be used to avoid misleading the information and as a teaching technique for everyone. Media is a powerful source of information that could influence the thoughts of its message example would be effective if it is done with the support from every institution